Synonyms: flint
Chemical composition: SiO2
Characteristics: Pillar of a pulp for the amorphous and crystalline silicate is a mixture of quality, color black, brown black. Appearance for tuberculosis, plates, layered, translucent, surface often has a white capsule of silicate, tuberculosis often containing organic compounds, waxy luster, hardness 6.5 to 7, the proportion of 2.60 ~ 3.65. Containing silicon (Si) of about 46.7%, oxygen (O) 53.3%, chemical stability, are soluble in hydrogen fluoride, but not soluble in other acids, more soluble in caustic alkali quartz.
Occurrence: occurrence of fissures in the limestone or thin shape of tuffaceous sediments, by siliceous replacement solution formed. Luan Shan belong to Miocene are sometimes found in Cretaceous layer, the habitat for the sea animal fossils materials, often containing the remains of diatoms, when mixed with calcium carbonate and organic matter.
Uses: glass, ball mill grinding of the body; paints, fertilizers, pesticides, rubber and other additives, asphalt roads of steelmaking slag making use of filling materials.
Showing posts with label Mineral. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Mineral. Show all posts
Feb 6, 2009
Jasper
Synonyms: iron quartz
Chemical composition: SiO2
Characteristics: cryptocrystalline quartz, usually strips or spots was Streak's massive, depending on the mineral content of different elements showed a variety of colors, such as Ming Hung,dark red , brown red, brown black, green, gray and so on. And brittle, no cleavage, conchoidal fracture was, a waxy and shiny glass, opaque, hardness 6.5 to 7, the proportion of 2.6 ~ 3.5.
Occurrence: the case of silicate minerals, from a large number of small granular hematite or black flint, etc.. Often contain hematite and red multi-show. Taiwan Biyu produced, depending on color and streak, can be divided into red, yellow, bloodshot, skin, etc., due to poor light transmission with chalcedony distinction.
Uses: decorations, carvings, Ornamental Stones, who can be used for high quality semi-precious stones.
Chemical composition: SiO2
Characteristics: cryptocrystalline quartz, usually strips or spots was Streak's massive, depending on the mineral content of different elements showed a variety of colors, such as Ming Hung,dark red , brown red, brown black, green, gray and so on. And brittle, no cleavage, conchoidal fracture was, a waxy and shiny glass, opaque, hardness 6.5 to 7, the proportion of 2.6 ~ 3.5.
Occurrence: the case of silicate minerals, from a large number of small granular hematite or black flint, etc.. Often contain hematite and red multi-show. Taiwan Biyu produced, depending on color and streak, can be divided into red, yellow, bloodshot, skin, etc., due to poor light transmission with chalcedony distinction.
Uses: decorations, carvings, Ornamental Stones, who can be used for high quality semi-precious stones.
Agate
Chemical composition: SiO2
Characteristics: the case of Aphanitic, the proportion of 2.62 ~ 2.64, hardness 6.5 to 7, a porous, cleavage was not obvious, at under a microscope has crystalline structure quality. Pseudocaranx was shaped or ribbon, the color may be different on each floor, parallel bands, but also wavy or irregular line can was white, light to Green or gray, often artificial coloring. General moss agate contain obvious inclusions, and were dendritic or moss-like pattern.
Occurrence: In the igneous rock crystal cave, from aqueous solution by precipitation. Jing-dong has a beautiful center is often accompanied by transparent Transmission, and even have water or air bubbles, a lot of color change in itself, its internal folders usually have other ores.
Uses: precious stones, mortars, crafts, decorations.
Characteristics: the case of Aphanitic, the proportion of 2.62 ~ 2.64, hardness 6.5 to 7, a porous, cleavage was not obvious, at under a microscope has crystalline structure quality. Pseudocaranx was shaped or ribbon, the color may be different on each floor, parallel bands, but also wavy or irregular line can was white, light to Green or gray, often artificial coloring. General moss agate contain obvious inclusions, and were dendritic or moss-like pattern.
Occurrence: In the igneous rock crystal cave, from aqueous solution by precipitation. Jing-dong has a beautiful center is often accompanied by transparent Transmission, and even have water or air bubbles, a lot of color change in itself, its internal folders usually have other ores.
Uses: precious stones, mortars, crafts, decorations.
Blue Chalcedony
Synonyms: Taiwan Sapphire
Chemical composition: SiO2
Characteristics: Aphanitic, the proportion due to low water content than quartz for 2.58 ~ 2.64, hardness 7, have waxy luster. Produced by the province was due to the blue copper containing 0.01 ~ 0.02% due to the uranium associated with micro-0.002 ~ 0.035%, so have the radioactive reaction, some scholars said the case of silicon malachite (Chrysocolla).
Occurrence: the quality produced in the andesite agglomerate filling irregular, the pulse was irregular-shaped distribution, mainly by radiation fibrous or granular ball composed of pulp stones. Often containing a small amount of chlorite, opal and natural copper.
Uses: Gemstone (semi-precious stones), rings, earrings, brooches, necklaces and other ornaments, or the Ornamental Stones.
Chemical composition: SiO2
Characteristics: Aphanitic, the proportion due to low water content than quartz for 2.58 ~ 2.64, hardness 7, have waxy luster. Produced by the province was due to the blue copper containing 0.01 ~ 0.02% due to the uranium associated with micro-0.002 ~ 0.035%, so have the radioactive reaction, some scholars said the case of silicon malachite (Chrysocolla).
Occurrence: the quality produced in the andesite agglomerate filling irregular, the pulse was irregular-shaped distribution, mainly by radiation fibrous or granular ball composed of pulp stones. Often containing a small amount of chlorite, opal and natural copper.
Uses: Gemstone (semi-precious stones), rings, earrings, brooches, necklaces and other ornaments, or the Ornamental Stones.
Chalcedony
Synonyms: stone myeloid
Chemical composition: SiO2
Characteristics: Aphanitic, the proportion of 2.58 ~ 2.64, due to low water content than the quartz. Under the microscope in Radiology fibrous, have waxy luster, transparent to translucent, or transparent when particle size has a different ribbon structure. White chalcedony matrix porosity between grain or crystal face, such as incorporation of impurities that is affected by a different color. The same general composition and quartz, although for caustic potash erosion, can be the difference between quartz.
Occurrence: the quality produced in the andesite agglomerate, the department increased by hydrothermal irregular invasive in the filling. Coastal Range of chalcedony, mainly by volcanic activity in the region rose to shallow hydrothermal when its temperature and pressure drops, so that the role of silica generated leaching, transformed into the chalcedony Aphanitic; also provided through the non-uniform crystallization the course of, or intrusion into irregular folds or fissures.
Uses: Gemstone (semi-precious stones), decorations and ornamental crafts.
Chemical composition: SiO2
Characteristics: Aphanitic, the proportion of 2.58 ~ 2.64, due to low water content than the quartz. Under the microscope in Radiology fibrous, have waxy luster, transparent to translucent, or transparent when particle size has a different ribbon structure. White chalcedony matrix porosity between grain or crystal face, such as incorporation of impurities that is affected by a different color. The same general composition and quartz, although for caustic potash erosion, can be the difference between quartz.
Occurrence: the quality produced in the andesite agglomerate, the department increased by hydrothermal irregular invasive in the filling. Coastal Range of chalcedony, mainly by volcanic activity in the region rose to shallow hydrothermal when its temperature and pressure drops, so that the role of silica generated leaching, transformed into the chalcedony Aphanitic; also provided through the non-uniform crystallization the course of, or intrusion into irregular folds or fissures.
Uses: Gemstone (semi-precious stones), decorations and ornamental crafts.
Quartz Crystal
Crystal system: hexagonal Department
Chemical composition: SiO2
Characteristics: good crystalline quartz are known as crystal, usually showed the six-party columns and rhombohedron posed by poly-shaped. Cylinder on the often striated, pure quality from colorless, transparent, glass luster, conchoidal fracture, hardness 7, the proportion of 2.65, including those impurity was purple, gold, TB, such as color.
Occurrence: produced in the metamorphic rocks in the vicinity of their geological soil for green schist, graphite schist, sericite schist, sericite schist, green mud, quartz schist, crystalline limestone of interbedded, during which a lot of milky white quartz vein of, crystal that is produced in the cross section of the Green clay schist quartz vein the size of the hole crystal.
Purposes: as semi-precious stones, Machinable for outside decorations, its optical properties for use in precision optical instruments, such as sub-photoelectron spectroscopy and optical lenses. Another according to their electrical characteristics of materials used in electronic communications, such as crystal oscillators, etc.; crystal produced by electric furnace melting of glass, small expansion coefficient, heat resistance, acid-resistant and have insulation suitable for the machine type of heating devices, as well as the manufacture of high pressure mercury and so on.
Chemical composition: SiO2
Characteristics: good crystalline quartz are known as crystal, usually showed the six-party columns and rhombohedron posed by poly-shaped. Cylinder on the often striated, pure quality from colorless, transparent, glass luster, conchoidal fracture, hardness 7, the proportion of 2.65, including those impurity was purple, gold, TB, such as color.
Occurrence: produced in the metamorphic rocks in the vicinity of their geological soil for green schist, graphite schist, sericite schist, sericite schist, green mud, quartz schist, crystalline limestone of interbedded, during which a lot of milky white quartz vein of, crystal that is produced in the cross section of the Green clay schist quartz vein the size of the hole crystal.
Purposes: as semi-precious stones, Machinable for outside decorations, its optical properties for use in precision optical instruments, such as sub-photoelectron spectroscopy and optical lenses. Another according to their electrical characteristics of materials used in electronic communications, such as crystal oscillators, etc.; crystal produced by electric furnace melting of glass, small expansion coefficient, heat resistance, acid-resistant and have insulation suitable for the machine type of heating devices, as well as the manufacture of high pressure mercury and so on.
Quartz
Crystal system: hexagonal Department
Chemical composition: SiO2
Features: separate from the formation of silica minerals, quartz content of the earth's crust is about 12 percent, second only to feldspar-group minerals content. Hardness of 7, the proportion of 2.65, conchoidal fracture, a vulnerability, glass luster, white to colorless, transparent. Containing a variety of metal impurities in a variety of colors when presented with piezoelectric and pyroelectricity.
Attitude: positive vein, massive, sandy, commonly found in granite, pegmatite, quartz vein or veins of the gangue, but also commonly found in acidic igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks, sedimentary rocks, and often in the hydrothermal veins in the gangue and metal symbiosis. The province was particularly prevalent in the Central Mountain Range east slope into the range of crystallization of quartz veins in schist.
Uses: crystal glass, optical glass, ceramics, abrasive materials, precious stones or ornaments, refractories, quartz tube, quartz crucible, silicon brick, steel flux Deacidification, desulfurizer, silicon carbide, metal silicon, optical fibers, the manufacture of artificial crystal materials. Electronics industry, such as semiconductor materials, rectifiers, diodes, oscillators and so on.
Chemical composition: SiO2
Features: separate from the formation of silica minerals, quartz content of the earth's crust is about 12 percent, second only to feldspar-group minerals content. Hardness of 7, the proportion of 2.65, conchoidal fracture, a vulnerability, glass luster, white to colorless, transparent. Containing a variety of metal impurities in a variety of colors when presented with piezoelectric and pyroelectricity.
Attitude: positive vein, massive, sandy, commonly found in granite, pegmatite, quartz vein or veins of the gangue, but also commonly found in acidic igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks, sedimentary rocks, and often in the hydrothermal veins in the gangue and metal symbiosis. The province was particularly prevalent in the Central Mountain Range east slope into the range of crystallization of quartz veins in schist.
Uses: crystal glass, optical glass, ceramics, abrasive materials, precious stones or ornaments, refractories, quartz tube, quartz crucible, silicon brick, steel flux Deacidification, desulfurizer, silicon carbide, metal silicon, optical fibers, the manufacture of artificial crystal materials. Electronics industry, such as semiconductor materials, rectifiers, diodes, oscillators and so on.
Graphite
Crystal system: hexagonal Department
Chemical composition: C
Characteristics: the Department of elemental carbon graphite (C) the crystallization of one mineral, and diamond of the same polymorph as carbon precursors (Polymorphism), hardness of 1 ~ 2, the proportion of 2.23, color was gray to black metal to earthy luster, opaque, Streak is black, cleavage completely, have good electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, numerate, lubricity and fire resistance, it is very difficult and oxidation together, free from any influence of acids, at very high temperature, the change is not melting point as high as 3000 ℃.
Occurrence: natural graphite depending on the nature of appearance and is divided into: flake graphite, earthy graphite or amorphous graphite. Prolific at the regional or contact metamorphic rocks, such as quartzite and black schist and slate between or among the slate are often associated with calcite, quartz symbiotic; produced in Taiwan are less of low-grade purity graphite.
Uses: electrode, brush, carbon rods, crucibles, pencils heart. And oil mixture can be used by mill agents, lubricants. Another can be used as a casting model, Tu-type, pigments, refractories, batteries, battery, filled pad materials.
Chemical composition: C
Characteristics: the Department of elemental carbon graphite (C) the crystallization of one mineral, and diamond of the same polymorph as carbon precursors (Polymorphism), hardness of 1 ~ 2, the proportion of 2.23, color was gray to black metal to earthy luster, opaque, Streak is black, cleavage completely, have good electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, numerate, lubricity and fire resistance, it is very difficult and oxidation together, free from any influence of acids, at very high temperature, the change is not melting point as high as 3000 ℃.
Occurrence: natural graphite depending on the nature of appearance and is divided into: flake graphite, earthy graphite or amorphous graphite. Prolific at the regional or contact metamorphic rocks, such as quartzite and black schist and slate between or among the slate are often associated with calcite, quartz symbiotic; produced in Taiwan are less of low-grade purity graphite.
Uses: electrode, brush, carbon rods, crucibles, pencils heart. And oil mixture can be used by mill agents, lubricants. Another can be used as a casting model, Tu-type, pigments, refractories, batteries, battery, filled pad materials.
Gold
Crystal system: Department of equiaxed grains
Chemical composition: Au
Characteristics: hardness 2.5 to 3, the proportion of 19.3. Metallic luster, opaque, color and streak are yellow. Acid, but dissolved in aqua regia, the chemical is very stable metal. Never been in the air oxidation, the extension of special and is also an excellent electrical and thermal conductor.
Occurrence: mainly in quartz veins, paragenetic minerals has limonite, pyrite, stibnite, sphalerite and arsenopyrite are also dispersed in the quartz andesite, granite, sandstone and conglomerate in.
Purposes: the International Monetary Fund, casting money, jewelry, precious stones inlaid. Industry for the gold-plated, printed circuit board assembly line of the joints, manufacturing alloys, electrical and electronic semiconductor materials is important.
Chemical composition: Au
Characteristics: hardness 2.5 to 3, the proportion of 19.3. Metallic luster, opaque, color and streak are yellow. Acid, but dissolved in aqua regia, the chemical is very stable metal. Never been in the air oxidation, the extension of special and is also an excellent electrical and thermal conductor.
Occurrence: mainly in quartz veins, paragenetic minerals has limonite, pyrite, stibnite, sphalerite and arsenopyrite are also dispersed in the quartz andesite, granite, sandstone and conglomerate in.
Purposes: the International Monetary Fund, casting money, jewelry, precious stones inlaid. Industry for the gold-plated, printed circuit board assembly line of the joints, manufacturing alloys, electrical and electronic semiconductor materials is important.
Sulphur
Crystal system: Orthorhombic departments or monoclinic
Chemical composition: S
Characteristics: Chalcogenide basic chemical raw materials widely used in chemical industry, metallurgy, agriculture, petroleum, military industry and other fields, natural sulfur mainly in the areas of volcanic activity, and its cleavage is not complete, fracture uneven to conchoidal to shape, dense De was varied form, pure sulfur has a distinctive yellow. Traits very crisp, with pine resin sheen, white streak, hardness 1.5 to 2.5, the proportion of 1.9 ~ 2.1. 120 ℃ in the melting, 270 ℃ burning blue flame, it will become for SO2.
Occurrence: natural sulfur from volcanic vents, as well as mine dye sublimation or precipitation generated, double-cone crystal, irregular or massive bell emulsion, earthy and so on. In addition to self-extract oil and natural gas associated with the recovery of hydrogen sulfide, known as the recovery of sulfur.
Purposes: to create sulfuric acid, carbon disulfide and various sulphides medicines, agricultural fertilizer, photographic film, synthetic fiber, paper pulp, bleaching agents, pesticides, explosives, matches and other manufacturing, as well as the rubber industry and the increase of sulfur powder, such as soil improvement.
Chemical composition: S
Characteristics: Chalcogenide basic chemical raw materials widely used in chemical industry, metallurgy, agriculture, petroleum, military industry and other fields, natural sulfur mainly in the areas of volcanic activity, and its cleavage is not complete, fracture uneven to conchoidal to shape, dense De was varied form, pure sulfur has a distinctive yellow. Traits very crisp, with pine resin sheen, white streak, hardness 1.5 to 2.5, the proportion of 1.9 ~ 2.1. 120 ℃ in the melting, 270 ℃ burning blue flame, it will become for SO2.
Occurrence: natural sulfur from volcanic vents, as well as mine dye sublimation or precipitation generated, double-cone crystal, irregular or massive bell emulsion, earthy and so on. In addition to self-extract oil and natural gas associated with the recovery of hydrogen sulfide, known as the recovery of sulfur.
Purposes: to create sulfuric acid, carbon disulfide and various sulphides medicines, agricultural fertilizer, photographic film, synthetic fiber, paper pulp, bleaching agents, pesticides, explosives, matches and other manufacturing, as well as the rubber industry and the increase of sulfur powder, such as soil improvement.
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