Associated volcanic phenomena

Lava 

 Volcanic eruptions, and many hot substances resulting debris thrown out, depending on size, including wood block Hill (Blocks), volcanic bombs (Bombs), volcanic ash (Scoriae), lapilli (Lapilli), ash ( Volcanic ash) volcanic dust (Volcanic dust) and so on, these hot debris substances by the hard rock is not formed by fragmentation, many of which are from melting? Lok hemorrhoids Qiao steamed cavity marks stumble grass mountain peak by Cheng Tao t Solidification , hot debris objects on the surface after the precipitation, with the nature of easy infiltration of water, so the front springs may have exposed. Volcano lava according to relief and downward mobility, with the flow with the condensate, the solidification of the form, there are two: 

 I. rope lava layer (Pahoehoe or Dermolithic soildofocation) ︰ lava when condensation swift into a rope to each other, or according to the terrain so steep hanging carpet-like (Tapestry), the surface of folds, not yet solidified ago, contains large quantities of gas outward proliferation, Therefore, some people refer to live lava (Live lava). 

 II. Blocky lava layer (Aa or Clastolithic solidification): This multi-surface lava rock ember iron surface into jagged lava gas has already escaped, only by air during filling. On top of the volcanic lava flows, but also generate some small terrain, may be as follows: 

 Convex dome (Tumuli) ︰ lava lava flows to the bottom of a large number of the collision, so that the role of the lava dome shell occurred, lava flow surface uplift, and its shape much like magma generated in the level of the rock strata under the condensation plate (Laccoli-ths). 

 Squeeze Hill (Squeeze-ups) ︰ have since been solidified lava viscosity of the lava crust fragments emitted Department to form a hill, called the extrusion Hill. Qiu greater volume extrusion special called pressure ridges (Pressure ridges). These pressures from cross-section of the ridge can be seen on both sides are very steep, and if the plane Anticline, chiropractors Top squeezing can break down, the pressure ridge line with regular and parallel flow of lava flows, and they When the formation of cumulus extrusion line from the horizontal pressure on the horizontal side of the source of the pressure has not yet really knows. 

 Lava bubbles (Lavablisters) ︰ lava contains large quantities of gas, lava eruption immediately after the solidification, the gas has not been fully escape, in the lava layer uplift in a big bubble. 

 Lava lava cave and tunnel (Lava tunnels) ︰ quality in the basalt lava area, if solidified lava in the shell under the water too often can be eroded into a lava tunnel, and if the erosion of the land can not cross, then the into the tunnel but not lava cave (Lava caves). This lava cave in winter into ice water may be to warm summer weather in the outside world, however difficult and lava cave in the cold phase replacement, although it is to summer, ice hole still exists, says the ice cave (Ice caves). 

 Ash Array 

 By Vulcan and even the skin's volcanic eruption of material from a large number of volcanic ash, known as gray array (Ash showers), gray patches are smaller and can be landed in the distance from the crater area. 1886 New Zealand Tarawera ash array in the crater with a radius of 30 miles of the landing by volcanic pumice stone tablets (Pumiceous lapilli), while 30 miles away from the colony who do it be? Po s gray . Ash array on the ground after landing, ground to cover up the original, but the original large undulating terrain still looming; volcanic eruptions were generally more porous layer of condensation, easy to water, it is not easy in the development of its rivers, but volcanic ash small array of material, water is not easy in the thin surface of the water system can be formed, often can be washed into the evil of its terrain. 

 Lahar 

 Volcanic eruptions often mudslides (Mud flow) associated. The occurrence of lahar, mainly because: 

 When the eruption of volcanic ash on the ground and landed in the snow to melt snow and ice, its ash, accompanied by melt water mudflows. 

 Lianyun sediment in the skin occurred on heavy rain washed mud flow could be into. 

 Lianyun river sediment and leather mixed mudflows. 

 Fire lake dried up, the bottom ash deposition, erosion by water into a mud flow. 

 Lahar substances in boulders and fine soil, mixed deposition, there is no level, multi-surface uplift hill, there are categories of landslides accumulation, mud flows fluency slopes up to dozens of kilometers, and can be submerged villages and small farms . 

 Embolization fornix 

 If the volcanic eruption, many of which are precursors of acid andesite lava, with even big sticky, then when it is difficult to drain out when the eruption, and in the crater ring do not pile up or the surface of the rock uplift into a dome, the arch terrain dome called embolization, or volcanic Suppository (Plug domes). If the bulge at the top of the dome-shaped type of bacteria, known as the dome-shaped plot (Cumulo-domes or tholoids). General? Yue Xiu b Multi-Burner into cylindrical. Embolization fornix and volcanic neck (Volcanic neck) is different because the former is from the magma into the volcano crater or red to the accumulation of condensation from above, so when it is generated at the beginning of the fait accompli uplift, and volcanic neck is the first in the dark volcanic condensate from the vertical gap, after a long-term weathering erosion, the exposed surface before.